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Pesquisa & Inovação

Com sistema do Google, programa detecta câncer de pulmão antes dos médicos

30 de maio de 2019 Redação

30-05-2019 || Fonte: SUPER Interessante

(CIPhotos/Getty Images)

A inteligência artificial tem sido grande aliada de cientistas que pesquisam métodos para diagnosticar o câncer mais cedo. Estudiosos de vários países já desenvolveram sistemas que conseguem detectar tumores malignos de pele, próstata, intestino e mama.

Agora, pesquisadores da Universidade Northwestern, nos Estados Unidos, chegaram a um modelo que identifica com precisão câncer no pulmão. Esse novo sistema vê os pulmões em uma única imagem tridimensional enorme”, conta Mozziyar Etemadi, um dos autores do estudo, em nota.

Para desenvolver o software, a equipe de Etemadi se uniu a um time do Google. Eles usaram o método deep learning, em que a inteligência artificial é estimulada a funcionar de uma certa maneira a partir de diversos exemplos apresentados ao sistema. No caso do estudo de Northwestwern, os pesquisadores cadastraram 42.290 imagens de tomografia de 15 mil pessoas e não indicaram ao sistema o que procurar – informaram apenas quais delas tinham câncer e quais não.

Uma vez que a inteligência artificial estava “treinada”, os autores compararam a performance do sistema com a de seis radiologistas. O robô foi mais eficiente do que os médicos quando o desafio era analisar uma única tomografia; já quando o teste envolvia também exames anteriores, humanos e máquina tiveram os mesmos resultados.O sistema conseguiu identificar mesmo os menores nódulos malignos no pulmão. Outro bônus: ele apontou regiões do órgão com maior probabilidade de nascer um câncer. Segundo os autores, o software aumentaria em 5% o diagnóstico da doença e reduziria em 11% os resultados falsos positivos (quando o exame diz que a pessoa tem câncer, mas não é verdade).

Apesar dos resultados promissores, os autores ponderam que eles precisam ser validados em pesquisas maiores – e isso está nos planos. Tomara que, em breve, a ciência (e a gente) possa contar com novos aliados na luta contra o câncer.

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